Review Highlights Cranberry's Possible Chemoprotective Mechanisms

NORTH DARMOUTH, Mass.—Cranberries may confer chemoprotective benefits, according to a University of Massachusetts research review published in the January issue of Journal of Nutrition (137:186s-93s, 2007). Researchers reviewed a number of trials investigating the anticancer properties of cranberry fruit and key phytochemicals that are likely contributors to chemoprevention.

According to the review, results from in vitro studies using a variety of tumor models showed polyphenolic extracts from cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) can inhibit the growth and proliferation of breast, colon, prostate, lung and other tumors; similar results were attributed to flavonols, proanthocyanidin oligomers and triterpenoids isolated from the fruit. In fact, the researchers suggested the unique combination of phytochemicals found in cranberry fruit may produce synergistic health benefits.

Among cranberry's reported possible chemopreventive mechanisms of action were: induction of apoptosis in tumor cells; reduced ornithine decarboxylase activity; decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinases associated with prostate tumor metastasis; and anti-inflammatory activities, including inhibition of cyclooxygenases. The reviewers concluded the results suggest a potential role for cranberry as a dietary chemopreventive and should guide future research on cranberries.

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