CHD is Preventable Through Dietary Measures, Including Omega-3s

BOSTON--Among other things, increased consumption of omega-3 fatty acids may prevent coronary heart disease (CHD), according to a research review published in the Nov. 27 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association (288, 20:2569-78, 2002) (www.jama.com). Researchers from Harvard Medical School reviewed metabolic, epidemiologic and clinical trial evidence regarding diet and CHD to reach their conclusions.

The researchers selected 147 original investigations and reviews of metabolic and epidemiologic studies, as well as dietary intervention trials regarding diet and CHD. Based on a review of this information, the authors--Frank B. Hu, M.D., Ph.D., and Walter C. Willett, M.D., Dr.PH--determined sufficient evidence exists from the past several decades of research to indicate protection against CHD through three dietary strategies. One strategy that the authors stated would protect against CHD risk was to substitute nonhydrogenated unsaturated fats for saturated and trans-fats, while another strategy included consuming a diet high in fruits, vegetables, nuts and whole grains, and low in refined grain products. A third strategy that has proven effective for reducing CHD risk over the years is to increase omega-3 fatty acid consumption through fish, supplements and plant sources, according to Hu and Willett.

The authors further noted that simply lowering total dietary fat consumption, based on total energy intake, appears unlikely to improve lipid profiles or reduce CHD incidence. They also noted their research did not definitively indicate what the ideal balance between omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids is, nor did it determine the optimal amounts and sources of proteins, or the effects of individual phytochemicals, antioxidants and minerals.

Hu and Willett concluded that there is substantial evidence indicating diets using nonhydrogenated unsaturated fats as the predominant form of dietary fat, whole grains as the main form of carbohydrates and an abundance of fruits and vegetables, in addition to an adequate intake of omega-3 fatty acids, can significantly protect against CHD. They added that this diet--in combination with regular exercise, not smoking and maintaining a healthy body weight--could prevent the majority of cardiovascular disease in Western populations.

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