Addressing Metabolic Syndrome

Multi-functional nutritional ingredients may stop the progression of metabolic syndrome

References

1. Lutsey PL, Steffen LM, Stevens J. “Dietary Intake and the Development of the Metabolic Syndrome. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.” Circulation. 2008 Jan 22 [Epub ahead of print].

2. Cook S et al. “Metabolic syndrome rates in United States adolescents, from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2002.” J Pediatr. 2008 Feb;152(2):165-70. Epub 2007 Oct 22.

3. Biddinger SB et al. “Hepatic insulin resistance is sufficient to produce dyslipidemia and susceptibility to atherosclerosis.” Cell Metab. 2008 Feb;7(2):125-34.

4. Giugliano D, Ceriello A, Esposito K. “Are there specific treatments for the metabolic syndrome?” Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jan;87(1):8-11.

5. Bulló M et al. “Inflammation, obesity and comorbidities: the role of diet.” Public Health Nutr. 2007 Oct;10(10A):1164-72.

6. Bo S et al. “Effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention on metabolic syndrome. A randomized controlled trial.” J Gen Intern Med. 2007 Dec;22(12):1695-703. Epub 2007 Oct 6.

7. Millen BE et al. “Nutritional risk and the metabolic syndrome in women: opportunities for preventive intervention from the Framingham Nutrition Study.” Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Aug;84(2):434-41.

8. Galisteo M, Duarte J, Zarzuelo A. “Effects of dietary fibers on disturbances clustered in the metabolic syndrome.” J Nutr Biochem. 2008 Feb;19(2):71-84. Epub 2007 Jul 6.

9. Bo S et al. “Dietary magnesium and fiber intakes and inflammatory and metabolic indicators in middle-aged subjects from a population-based cohort.” Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Nov;84(5):1062-9.

10. Katcher HI et al. “The effects of a whole grain enriched hypocaloric diet on cardiovascular disease risk factors in men and women with metabolic syndrome.” Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jan;87(1):79-90.

11. Panahi S et al. “Beta-glucan from two sources of oat concentrate affect postprandial glycemia in relation to the level of viscosity.” J Am Coll Nutr. 2007 Dec;26(6):639-44.

12. Greenway F et al. “Fourteen Weeks of Treatment with Viscofiber® Increased Fasting Levels of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Peptide-YY.” J Med Food. 2007 Dec;10(4):720-4.

13. Queenan KM et al. “Concentrated oat beta-glucan, a fermentable fiber, lowers serum cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic adults in a randomized controlled trial.” Nutr J. 2007 Mar 26;6:6.

14. Maki KC et al. “Effects of consuming foods containing oat beta-glucan on blood pressure, carbohydrate metabolism and biomarkers of oxidative stress in men and women with elevated blood pressure.” Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007 Jun;61(6):786-95. Epub 2006 Dec 6.

15. Butt MS et al. “Guar gum: a miracle therapy for hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia and obesity.” Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2007;47(4):389-96.

16. Prieto PG et al. “Short-term and long-term effects of guar on postprandial plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon-like peptide 1 concentration in healthy rats.” Horm Metab Res. 2006 Jun;38(6):397-404.

17. Barre DE. “The role of consumption of alpha-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in human metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes--a mini-review.” J Oleo Sci. 2007;56(7):319-25.

18. Ebbesson SO et al. “Fatty Acid Consumption and Metabolic Syndrome Components: The GOCADAN Study.” J Cardiometab Syndr. 2007 Fall;2(4):244-249.

19. Lombardo YB, Hein G, Chicco A. “Metabolic syndrome: effects of n-3 PUFAs on a model of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and adiposity.” Lipids. 2007 May;42(5):427-37. Epub 2007 Mar 17.

20. Ford ES et al. “Intake of dietary magnesium and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among U.S. adults.” Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007 May;15(5):1139-46.

21. He K et al. “Magnesium intake and the metabolic syndrome: epidemiologic evidence to date.” J Cardiometab Syndr. 2006 Fall;1(5):351-5.

22. He K et al. “Magnesium intake and incidence of metabolic syndrome among young adults.” Circulation. 2006 Apr 4;113(13):1675-82. Epub 2006 Mar 27.

23. Hummel M, Standl E, Schnell O. “Chromium in metabolic and cardiovascular disease.” Horm Metab Res. 2007 Oct;39(10):743-51.

24. Jain SK, Rains JL, Croad JL. “Effect of chromium niacinate and chromium picolinate supplementation on lipid peroxidation, TNF-alpha, IL-6, CRP, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels in blood of streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats.” Free Radic Biol Med. 2007 Oct 15;43(8):1124-31. Epub 2007 May 18.

25. Cefalu WT et al. “Oral chromium picolinate improves carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and enhances skeletal muscle Glut-4 translocation in obese, hyperinsulinemic (JCR-LA corpulent) rats.” J Nutr. 2002 Jun;132(6):1107-14.

26. Martin J et al. “Chromium picolinate supplementation attenuates body weight gain and increases insulin sensitivity in subjects with type 2 diabetes.” Diabetes Care. 2006 Aug;29(8):1826-32.

27. Albarracin C et al. “Combination of chromium and biotin improves coronary risk factors in hypercholesterolemic type 2 diabetes mellitus: a placebo-controlled, double-blind randomized clinical trial.” J Cardiometab Syndr. 2007 Spring;2(2):91-7.

28. Albarracin CA et al. “Chromium picolinate and biotin combination improves glucose metabolism in treated, uncontrolled overweight to obese patients with type 2 diabetes.” Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2008 Jan;24(1):41-51.

29. Kim MH et al. “Risk Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Elderly.” Ann Nutr Metab. 2008 Jan 10;51(6):533-540 [Epub ahead of print].

30. Montonen J et al. “Dietary antioxidant intake and risk of type 2 diabetes.” Diabetes Care. 2004 Feb;27(2):362-6.

31. Wan Nazaimoon WM, Khalid BA. “Tocotrienols-rich diet decreases advanced glycosylation end-products in non-diabetic rats and improves glycemic control in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.” Malays J Pathol. 2002;24:77-82.

32. Chen CW, Cheng HH. “A rice bran oil diet increases LDL-receptor and HMG-CoA reductase mRNA expressions and insulin sensitivity in rats with streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetes.” J Nutr. 2006;136(6):1472-6.

33. Qureshi AA, Sami SA, Khan FA. “Effects of stabilized rice bran, its soluble and fiber fractions on blood glucose levels and serum lipid parameters in humans with diabetes mellitus Types I and II.” J Nutr Biochem. 2002;13:175-187.

34. Baliarsingh S, Beg ZH, Ahmad J. “The therapeutic impacts of tocotrienols in type 2 diabetic patients with hyperlipidemia.” Atherosclerosis. 2005;182:367-74.

35. Pershadsingh HA. “Alpha-lipoic acid: physiologic mechanisms and indications for the treatment of metabolic syndrome.” Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2007 Mar;16(3):291-302.

36. Koh EH et al. “Intracellular Fatty Acid metabolism in skeletal muscle and insulin resistance.” Curr Diabetes Rev. 2005 Aug;1(3):331-6.

37. Targonsky ED et al. “alpha-lipoic acid regulates AMP-activated protein kinase and inhibits insulin secretion from beta cells.” Diabetologia. 2006 Jul;49(7):1587-98. Epub 2006 May 13.

38. Sola S et al. “Irbesartan and lipoic acid improve endothelial function and reduce markers of inflammation in the metabolic syndrome: results of the Irbesartan and Lipoic Acid in Endothelial Dysfunction (ISLAND) study.” Circulation. 2005 Jan 25;111(3):343-8. Epub 2005 Jan 17.

39. Kamenova P. “Improvement of insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after oral administration of alpha-lipoic acid.” Hormones (Athens). 2006 Oct-Dec;5(4):251-8.

40. Liu J. “The Effects and Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Nutrient alpha-Lipoic Acid on Improving Age-Associated Mitochondrial and Cognitive Dysfunction: An Overview.” Neurochem Res. 2008 Jan;33(1):194-203. Epub 2007 Jun 29.

41. Hagen TM et al. “Mitochondrial decay in the aging rat heart: evidence for improvement by dietary supplementation with acetyl-L-carnitine and/or lipoic acid.” Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002 Apr;959:491-507.

42. Shen W et al. “R-alpha-Lipoic acid and acetyl-L: -carnitine complementarily promote mitochondrial biogenesis in murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes.” Diabetologia. 2008 Jan;51(1):165-74. Epub 2007 Nov 17.

43. Cave MC et al. “Obesity, inflammation, and the potential application of pharmaconutrition.” Nutr Clin Pract. 2008 Feb;23(1):16-34.

44. Rajasekar P, Anuradha CV. “Effect of L-carnitine on skeletal muscle lipids and oxidative stress in rats fed high-fructose diet.” Exp Diabetes Res. 2007;2007:72741.

45. Rajasekar P, Palanisamy N, Anuradha CV. “Increase in nitric oxide and reductions in blood pressure, protein kinase C beta II and oxidative stress by L-carnitine: a study in the fructose-fed hypertensive rat.” Clin Exp Hypertens. 2007 Nov;29(8):517-30.

46. Rajasekar P, Viswanathan P, Anuradha CV. “Renoprotective action of L-carnitine in fructose-induced metabolic syndrome.” Diabetes Obes Metab. 2008 Feb;10(2):171-80. Epub 2007 Dec 17.

47. Watras AC et al. “The role of conjugated linoleic acid in reduce body fat and preventing holiday weight gain.” Int J Obes. DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803437

48. Proctor SD et al. “Synergistic effects of conjugated linoleic acid and chromium picolinate improve vascular function and renal pathophysiology in the insulin-resistant JCR:LA-cp rat.” Diabetes Obes Metab. 2007 Jan;9(1):87-95.

49. Inoue N et al. “Dietary conjugated linoleic acid lowered tumor necrosis factor-alpha content and altered expression of genes related to lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle of Zucker rats.” J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Oct 4;54(20):7935-9.

50. Abdullah MM et al. “The effects of simultaneous administration of dietary conjugated linoleic acid and telmisartan on cardiovascular risks in rats.” Lipids. 2007 Sep;42(9):855-64. Epub 2007 Aug 7.

51. Villegas R et al. “Legume and soy food intake and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in the Shanghai Women's Health Study.” Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jan;87(1):162-7.

52. Zhang X et al. “Soy food consumption is associated with lower risk of coronary heart disease in Chinese women.” J Nutr. 2003 Sep;133(9):2874-8.

53. Yang G et al. “Longitudinal study of soy food intake and blood pressure among middle-aged and elderly Chinese women.” Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 May;81(5):1012-7.

54. Zhang X et al. “Abdominal adiposity and mortality in Chinese women.” Arch Intern Med. 2007 May 14;167(9):886-92.

55. Azadbakht L et al. “Soy consumption, markers of inflammation, and endothelial function: a cross-over study in postmenopausal women with the metabolic syndrome.” Diabetes Care. 2007 Apr;30(4):967-73.

56. Azadbakht L et al. “Soy inclusion in the diet improves features of the metabolic syndrome: a randomized crossover study in postmenopausal women.” Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Mar;85(3):735-41.

57. Liao FH et al. “Effectiveness of a soy-based compared with a traditional low-calorie diet on weight loss and lipid levels in overweight adults.” Nutrition. 2007 Jul-Aug;23(7-8):551-6. Epub 2007 Jun 15.

58. Lukaczer D et al. “Effect of a low glycemic index diet with soy protein and phytosterols on CVD risk factors in postmenopausal women.” Nutrition. 2006 Feb;22(2):104-13.

59. Cheng TO. “All teas are not created equal: the Chinese green tea and cardiovascular health.” Int J Cardiol. 2006 Apr 14;108(3):301-8. Epub 2005 Jun 22.

60. Shenouda SM, Vita JA. “Effects of flavonoid-containing beverages and EGCG on endothelial function.” J Am Coll Nutr. 2007 Aug;26(4):366S-372S.

61. Tipoe GL et al. “Green tea polyphenols as an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent for cardiovascular protection.” Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets. 2007 Jun;7(2):135-44.

62. Potenza MA et al. “EGCG, a green tea polyphenol, improves endothelial function and insulin sensitivity, reduces blood pressure, and protects against myocardial I/R injury in SHR.” Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007 May;292(5):E1378-87. Epub 2007 Jan 16.

63. Anton S, Melville L, Rena G. “Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) mimics insulin action on the transcription factor FOXO1a and elicits cellular responses in the presence and absence of insulin.” Cell Signal. 2007 Feb;19(2):378-83. Epub 2006 Jul 25.

64. Collins QF et al. “Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a green tea polyphenol, suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis through 5’-AMP-activated protein kinase.” J Biol Chem. 2007 Oct 12;282(41):30143-9. Epub 2007 Aug 27.

65. Wolfram S, Wang Y, Thielecke F. “Anti-obesity effects of green tea: from bedside to bench.” Mol Nutr Food Res. 2006 Feb;50(2):176-87.

66. Boschmann M, Thielecke F. “The effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on thermogenesis and fat oxidation in obese men: a pilot study.” J Am Coll Nutr. 2007 Aug;26(4):389S-395S.

67. Auvichayapat P et al. “Effectiveness of green tea on weight reduction in obese Thais: A randomized, controlled trial.” Physiol Behav. 2007 Oct 18 [Epub ahead of print].

68. Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Lejeune MP, Kovacs EM. “Body weight loss and weight maintenance in relation to habitual caffeine intake and green tea supplementation.” Obes Res. 2005 Jul;13(7):1195-204.

69. Manohar V et al. “Effects of a water-soluble extract of maitake mushroom on circulating glucose/insulin concentrations in KK mice.” Diabetes Obes Metab. 2002;4:43-8.

70. Preuss H et al. “Antihypertensive and metabolic effects of whole Maitake mushroom powder and its fractions in two rat strains.” Mol Cell Biochem. 200;237:129-36.

71. Talpur N et al. “Effects of niacin-bound chromium, Maitake mushroom fraction SX and (-)-hydroxycitric acid on the metabolic syndrome in aged diabetic Zucker fatty rats.” Mol Cell Biochem. 2003 Oct;252(1-2):369-77.

72. Talpur NA et al. “Antihypertensive and metabolic effects of whole Maitake mushroom powder and its fractions in two rat strains.” Mol Cell Biochem. 2002 Aug;237(1-2):129-36.

73. Kim MS et al. “Anti-adipogenic effects of Garcinia extract on the lipid droplet accumulation and the expression of transcription factor.” Biofactors. 2004;22(1-4):193-6.

74. Hayamizu K et al. “Effect of Garcinia cambogia extract on serum leptin and insulin in mice.” Fitoterapia. 2003 Apr;74(3):267-73.

75. Oluyemi KA et al. “Erythropoietic and anti-obesity effects of Garcinia cambogia (bitter kola) in Wistar rats.” Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 2007 Jan;46(Pt 1):69-72.

76. Asghar M et al. “Super CitriMax (HCA-SX) attenuates increases in oxidative stress, inflammation, insulin resistance, and body weight in developing obese Zucker rats.” Mol Cell Biochem. 2007 Oct;304(1-2):93-9. Epub 2007 May 15.

77. Kimura I. “Medical benefits of using natural compounds and their derivatives having multiple pharmacological actions.” Yakugaku Zasshi. 2006 Mar;126(3):133-43.

78. Luo H et al. “Decreased bodyweight without rebound and regulated lipoprotein metabolism by gymnemate in genetic multifactor syndrome animal.” Mol Cell Biochem. 2007 May;299(1-2):93-8.

79. Preuss HG et al. “Effects of a natural extract of (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA-SX) and a combination of HCA-SX plus niacin-bound chromium and Gymnema sylvestre extract on weight loss.” Diabetes Obes Metab. 2004 May;6(3):171-80.

80. Preuss HG et al. “Comparative effects of chromium, vanadium and gymnema sylvestre on sugar-induced blood pressure elevations in SHR.” J Am Coll Nutr. 1998 Apr;17(2):116-23.

81. Pari L, Venkateswaran S. “Protective effect of Coccinia indica on changes in the fatty acid composition in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.” Pharmazie. 2003 Jun;58(6):409-12.

82. Venkateswaran S, Pari L. “Effect of Coccinia indica leaves on antioxidant status in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.” J Ethnopharmacol. 2003 Feb;84(2-3):163-8.

83. Khan AK, Akhtar S, Mahtab H. “Treatment of diabetes mellitus with Coccinia indica.” Br Med J. 1980 April 12;280(6220):1044.

84. Kuriyan R et al. “Effect of supplementation of Coccinia Cordifolia extract on newly detected diabetic patients.” Diabetes Care. 2008 Feb;31(2):216-20.

85. Hannan JM et al. “Soluble dietary fibre fraction of Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) seed improves glucose homeostasis in animal models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes by delaying carbohydrate digestion and absorption, and enhancing insulin action.” Br J Nutr. 2007 Mar;97(3):514-21.

86. Annida B, Stanely Mainzen Prince P. “Supplementation of fenugreek leaves reduces oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.” J Med Food. 2005 Fall;8(3):382-5.

87. Hannan JM et al. “Effect of soluble dietary fibre fraction of Trigonella foenum graecum on glycemic, insulinemic, lipidemic and platelet aggregation status of Type 2 diabetic model rats.” J Ethnopharmacol. 2003 Sep;88(1):73-7.

88. Handa T et al. “Effects of fenugreek seed extract in obese mice fed a high-fat diet.” Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2005 Jun;69(6):1186-8.

89. Ikeuchi M et al. “Effects of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum greaecum) extract on endurance capacity in mice.” J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2006 Aug;52(4):287-92.

90. Gupta A, Gupta R, Lal B. “Effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) seeds on glycaemic control and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double blind placebo controlled study.” J Assoc Physicians India. 2001 Nov;49:1057-61.

91. Lu FR et al. “Clinical Observation on Trigonella Foenum-graecum L. total saponins in combination with sulfonylureas in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.” Chin J Integr Med. 2008 Jan 25 [Epub ahead of print].

92. Zong W, Zhao G. “Corosolic acid isolation from the leaves of Eriobotrta japonica showing the effects on carbohydrate metabolism and differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes.” Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16 Suppl 1:346-52.

93. Jung HA et al. “Antioxidant flavonoids and chlorogenic acid from the leaves of Eriobotrya japonica.” Arch Pharm Res. 1999 Apr;22(2):213-8.

94. Chen J et al. “Hypoglycemic effects of a sesquiterpene glycoside isolated from leaves of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.).” Phytomedicine. 2008 Jan;15(1-2):98-102. Epub 2007 Feb 8.

95. Klein G et al. “Antidiabetes and Anti-obesity Activity of Lagerstroemia speciosa.” Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2007 Dec;4(4):401-7.

96. Liu X et al. “Tannic acid stimulates glucose transport and inhibits adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells.” J Nutr. 2005 Feb;135(2):165-71.

97. Yamaguchi Y et al. “Corosolic acid prevents oxidative stress, inflammation and hypertension in SHR/NDmcr-cp rats, a model of metabolic syndrome.” Life Sci. 2006 Nov 25;79(26):2474-9. Epub 2006 Aug 17.

98. Anderson RA. “Chromium and polyphenols from cinnamon improve insulin sensitivity.” Proc Nutr Soc. 2008 Feb;67(1):48-53.

99. Mang B et al. “Effects of a cinnamon extract on plasma glucose, HbA, and serum lipids in diabetes mellitus type 2.” Eur J Clin Invest. 2006 May;36(5):340-4.

100. Suppapitiporn S, Kanpaksi N, Suppapitiporn S. “The effect of cinnamon cassia powder in type 2 diabetes mellitus.” J Med Assoc Thai. 2006 Sep;89 Suppl 3:S200-5.

101. Rohdewald P. “A review of the French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol), a herbal medication with a diverse clinical pharmacology.” Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2002 Apr;40(4):158-68.

102. Nocun M et al. “French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol®) reduces thromboxane generation in blood from diabetic male rats.” Biomed Pharmacother. 2007 Jul 30 [Epub ahead of print].

103. Cesarone MR et al. “Improvement of diabetic microangiopathy with pycnogenol: A prospective, controlled study.” Angiology. 2006 Aug-Sep;57(4):431-6.

104. Liu X, Zhou HJ, Rohdewald P. “French maritime pine bark extract Pycnogenol dose-dependently lowers glucose in type 2 diabetic patients.” Diabetes Care. 2004 Mar;27(3):839.

105. Liu X et al. “Antidiabetic effect of Pycnogenol French maritime pine bark extract in patients with diabetes type II.” Life Sci. 2004;75:2505-13.

106. Venkateswaran S, Pari L, Saravanan G. “Effect of Phaseolus vulgaris on circulatory antioxidants and lipids in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.” J Med Food. 2002 Summer;5(2):97-103.

107. Tormo MA et al. “White bean amylase inhibitor administered orally reduces glycaemia in type 2 diabetic rats.” Br J Nutr. 2006 Sep;96(3):539-44.

108. Celleno L et al. “A Dietary Supplement Containing Standardized Phaseolus vulgaris Extract Influences Body Composition of Overweight Men and Women.” Int J Med Sci. 2007; 4:45-52.

109. Moccetti T et al. “Effect of EFLA®943 in adult twins with mild hypertension.” Kongressband Phytopharmaka Phytotherapie. 2005;S30.

110. Khayyal MT et al. “Blood pressure lowering effect on an olive leaf extract (Olea europaea) in L-NAME induced hypertension in rats.” Arzneim-Forsch/Drug Res. 2002;52(11):797-802.

111. Presented at American College of Nutrition Conference, Orlando, Fla., September 2007

112. Dellalibera SO et al. Phytothérapie. 2006;4:1-4.

113. Blum J et al. NUTRAfoods. 2007;6(3):13-17.

Share this article: Email, Slashdot, Digg, Del.icio.us, Yahoo!MyWeb, Windows Live Favorites, Furl
Add this article feed to: RSS, My Yahoo, Newsgator, Bloglines